--- title: DER & Microgrid Research & Innovation | XENDEE description: Read recent peer-reviewed publications by the XENDEE team and our partners. XENDEE is backed by over $700M in research and development. --- [Skip to the main content.](https://xendee.com/innovation#main-content) **[Watch Sessions from Xendee University Week 2026 | A Community-Driven Virtual Event for Microgrid and DER Professionals](https://xendee.com/xendee-university-week?hsLang=en)**   [Watch Recordings](https://xendee.com/xendee-university-week?hsLang=en) [![XENDEE](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/XENDEE.png?width=1094&height=140&name=XENDEE.png "XENDEE")](https://xendee.com?hsLang=en) [![Dark Logo](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Dark%20Logo.png?width=414&height=66&name=Dark%20Logo.png "Dark Logo")](https://xendee.com?hsLang=en) - Products - [MODELING SERVICES](https://xendee.com/modeling-services) - [DISCOVER API](https://xendee.com/discover) - [PROPOSE](https://xendee.com/propose) - [DESIGN](https://xendee.com/design) - [OPERATE](https://xendee.com/operate) - [MOBILITY](https://xendee.com/mobility) - Solutions - [Data Centers](https://xendee.com/data-centers) - 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[Customer Webinars](https://xendee.com/insights/tag/webinar-series) - About Us - [FAQ](https://xendee.com/faq) - [Our Team](https://xendee.com/our-team) - [Join Our Team](https://xendee.com/join-our-team) - [Contact Us](https://xendee.com/contact-us) - [Sign In](https://app.xendee.com/Account/SignIn) [Linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/company/xendee-corporation/) [X](https://twitter.com/xendee) [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRHNViGSj4_-ngI9Jb7pk0g) ###### RECENT RESEARCH FROM THE XENDEE TEAM # Publications & Whitepaper Library | Publications - Whitepapers - Peer Reviewed Research | | --- | ## [![2026-market-survey-graphic](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/2026-market-survey-graphic.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=2026-market-survey-graphic.jpg) 2026 Market Survey: Microgrid and Distributed Energy Projects Grow in Complexity Based on input from more than 150 professionals, the report shows a shift away from subsidy-driven projects toward more complex, optimization-focused microgrids that must stand on clear, bankable economics. Development is now national in scope, fueled by rising energy costs, reliability concerns, and load growth from data centers and electrification. Multi-DER microgrids are outpacing simpler systems, with developers expanding technology portfolios beyond solar and storage to stack value through CHP, generators, fuel cells, wind, biogas, and hydrogen. As funding, interconnection, and permitting challenges intensify, success increasingly depends on rigorous upfront planning, risk reduction, and advanced software tools that improve ROI, reduce uncertainty, and help secure capital in a more demanding market.](https://xendee.com/2026-microgrid-market-survey?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-1](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-1.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-1.jpg) A Guide To: Meeting Energy Demand for Data Centers with Distributed Energy and Future Small Modular Reactors The rapid rise of AI-driven data centers is fueling unprecedented energy demand, with global consumption projected to increase by 160% by 2030. Grid constraints, aging infrastructure, and the high power requirements of AI servers present serious challenges, particularly in data center hubs like Northern Virginia. To address these issues, microgrids powered by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) offer a sustainable alternative, enhancing reliability and reducing dependence on centralized grids. A phased approach, integrating renewables, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems, and eventually Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), provides a scalable and low-carbon solution to growing energy needs.](https://xendee.com/guide-to-powering-data-center?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-2](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-2.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-2.jpg) Key Success Factors for Deploying Remote Microgrids Aligning Community and Funding Priorities with Standardized Modelling and Automation Expanding energy access to remote communities remains a major challenge, particularly in island nations like Fiji, where 775 million people globally still lack electricity. Traditional fossil fuel-powered grids are unsustainable, and without innovative distributed energy solutions, millions will remain without power by 2030. This whitepaper explores how hybrid solar microgrids, backed by data-driven modeling and strong stakeholder engagement, are transforming energy access in Fiji’s outer islands, providing a scalable blueprint for similar projects worldwide.  ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Key-Success-Factors-for-Remote-Microgrids-Whitepaper-Xendee-v2.pdf?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-3](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-3.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-3.jpg) Reducing Costs and Uncertainty in Microgrid Deployment By Empowering an Integrated Solution Part One: Sophistication at the Feasibility and Design Analysis Stage is Key Microgrids, or Distributed Energy Resources (DER), beyond passive solar energy, are complex systems which must consider a myriad of exogenous factors such as regulation, weather patterns, supply chain driven technology costs, changing technical innovation, and much more to achieve maximum benefits. The detailed technical design and financial decision process to conceptualize these systems requires  the consideration of several competing factors to achieve a predictable outcome (ROI, cost savings, resiliency, carbon reduction, etc.) that makes them an investible asset. This is traditionally a time-consuming process, which requires several steps to carry out. ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Xendee-Whitepaper-Reducing-Costs-Uncertainty-REW.pdf?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-4](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-4.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-4.jpg) Reducing Costs and Uncertainty in Microgrid Deployment By Empowering an Integrated Solution Part Two: The Benefits of a Forward Looking Integrated Microgrid Controller Expanding energy access to remote communities remains a major challenge, particularly in island nations like Fiji, where 775 million people globally still lack electricity. Traditional fossil fuel-powered grids are unsustainable, and without innovative distributed energy solutions, millions will remain without power by 2030. This whitepaper explores how hybrid solar microgrids, backed by data-driven modeling and strong stakeholder engagement, are transforming energy access in Fiji’s outer islands, providing a scalable blueprint for similar projects worldwide. Key success factors such as early community buy-in, strategic partnerships, techno-economic modeling, and overcoming data scarcity are essential to ensuring long-term sustainability. ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Xendee-Whitepaper-Reducing-Costs-Uncertainty-REW.pdf?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-5](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-5.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-5.jpg) 2024 Market Survey: Commercial EV Charging Report Microgrids, or Distributed Energy Resources (DER), beyond passive solar energy, are complex systems which must consider a myriad of exogenous factors such as regulation, weather patterns, supply chain driven technology costs, changing technical innovation, and much more to achieve maximum benefits. The detailed technical design and financial decision process to conceptualize these systems requires  the consideration of several competing factors to achieve a predictable outcome (ROI, cost savings, resiliency, carbon reduction, etc.) that makes them an investible asset. This is traditionally a time-consuming process, which requires several steps to carry out.   ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/MK-5157-Xendee-SoM_Report-2024_FINAL.pdf?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-6](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-6.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-6.jpg) 2023 Market Survey: Commercial EV Charging Report Expanding energy access to remote communities remains a major challenge, particularly in island nations like Fiji, where 775 million people globally still lack electricity. Traditional fossil fuel-powered grids are unsustainable, and without innovative distributed energy solutions, millions will remain without power by 2030. This whitepaper explores how hybrid solar microgrids, backed by data-driven modeling and strong stakeholder engagement, are transforming energy access in Fiji’s outer islands, providing a scalable blueprint for similar projects worldwide. Key success factors such as early community buy-in, strategic partnerships, techno-economic modeling, and overcoming data scarcity are essential to ensuring long-term sustainability. ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Xendee%20Industry%20Survey%20-%20EV%20Charging%20Microgrids.pdf?hsLang=en) ## [![whitepaper-thumbnail-7](https://xendee.com/hs-fs/hubfs/whitepaper-thumbnail-7.jpg?width=400&height=500&name=whitepaper-thumbnail-7.jpg) Designing Microgrid as a Service Agreements Require State of the Art Design Methods Microgrids, or Distributed Energy Resources (DER), beyond passive solar energy, are complex systems which must consider a myriad of exogenous factors such as regulation, weather patterns, supply chain driven technology costs, changing technical innovation, and much more to achieve maximum benefits. The detailed technical design and financial decision process to conceptualize these systems requires  the consideration of several competing factors to achieve a predictable outcome (ROI, cost savings, resiliency, carbon reduction, etc.) that makes them an investible asset. This is traditionally a time-consuming process, which requires several steps to carry out. ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/XENDEE-Designing-Complex-Maas-Systems_Final(2).pdf?hsLang=en)   ## Published Research From the Xendee Team Today January 2026 **2026 Market Survey Report: Microgrid and Distributed Energy Projects Grow in Complexity** ***Published on:*** Xendee Website, January 14, 2026 **Written By:** Xendee, Factor This Renewables, Energy Changemakers **[Download the Report](https://xendee.com/2026-microgrid-market-survey?hsLang=en)** January 2026 January 2025 **A Guide to Meeting Energy Demand for Data Centers with Distributed Energy and Future Small Modular Reactors** ***Published on:*** Xendee Website **Written By:** Giovanni Maronati, Michael Stadler, T.P. Grunloh, Reynaldo Guerrero,  Nishaant Sinha **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Xendee-Data-Center-Whitepaper-V6.pdf?hsLang=en)** August 2024 **Microgrid Modeling with Small Modular Reactors** ***Published on:*** Microgrid Program, Office of Electricity  Department of Energy **Written By:** T.P. Grunloh, D. Kalinichenko, C. S. Brooks, Nishaant Sinha, Giovanni Maronati, Reynaldo Guerrero, Michael Stadler **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/hubfs/SMR_Microgrid_FinalReport%20(Scoping%20Study).pdf?hsLang=en)** August 2024 January 2024 **Streamlining Microgrid Deployment for Cost-Efficiency** ***Published on:*** Microgrid Knowledge **Written By:** Michael, Stadler, Adib Nasle **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/hubfs/REW-Xendee-Whitepaper-Reducing-Costs-Uncertainty.pdf?hsLang=en)** July 2023 **Small Reactors in Microgrids: Technology Modeling and Selection** ***Published on:*** U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information **Written By:** Bikash Poudel, Timothy R. McJunkin, Ning Kang, James T. Reilly, Reynaldo Guerrero, Michael Stadler **[Read the Report](https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1988420)** July 2023 June 2023 **The Role of Microgrids and Government Funding in Commercial EV Charging** ***Published on:*** Xendee Website **Written By:** Reynaldo Guerrero, Michael Stadler **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/industry-survey-report?hsLang=en)** March 2022 **Effective Design of MaaS Agreements with State-of-the-Art Planning Methods** ***Published on:*** 10th National Conference on Microgrids, Boston, Massachusetts **Written By:** Michael Sadler, Zachary K. Pecenak **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Stadler_Pecenak_V9_public.pdf?hsLang=en)** March 2022 December 2021 **Techno-Economic Optimization of Islanded Microgrids Considering Intra-Hour Variability** ***Published on:*** Applied Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 304, 15 December 2021, ISSN: 0306-2619 **Written By:** Patrick Mathiesen, Michael Stadler, Jan Kleissl, Zachary Pecenak **[Read the Report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921011144?via%3Dihub)** October 2021 **Designing Microgrid as a Service Agreements Requires State of the Art Methods** ***Published on:*** Microgrid Knowledge **Written By:** Zack Pecenak, Michael Stadler **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/hubfs/XENDEE-Designing-Complex-Maas-Systems_Final(2).pdf?hsLang=en)** October 2021 July 2021 **The Microgrid Fast Charging Station Design Platform** ***Published on:*** Xendee Website **Written By:** Abhishek Banerjee, Kelsey Fahy, Ning Kang, Anudeep Medam, Adib Naslé, Zack Pecenak, Michael Stadler, M. Usama Usman **[Read the Report](https://xendee.com/hubfs/FCS_Microgrid_Project_Xendee%20Rpt_final_v10.pdf?hsLang=en)** May 2021 **Advanced Optimal Planning for Microgrid Technologies Including Hydrogen and Mobility at a Real Microgrid Testbed** ***Published on:*** International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, 28 May 2021 ISSN: 0360-3199 **Written By:** Mansoor Muhammad, Michael Stadler, Hans Auer, Michael Zellinger **[Read the Report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921010223?via%3Dihub)** May 2021 January 2021 **Optimal Planning of Thermal Energy Systems in a Microgrid with Seasonal Storage and Piecewise Affine Cost Functions** ***Published on:*** Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 215, 15 January 2021, ISSN: 0360-5442 **Written By:** Mansoor Muhammad, Michael Stadler, Michael Zellinger, Klaus Lichtenegger, Hans Auer, Armin Cosic **[Read the Report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220322027?via%3Dihub)** December 2020 **The Impact of Project Financing in Optimizing Microgrid Design** ***Published on:*** The Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 12(6), 065301 **Written By:** Zachary Pecenak, Patrick Mathiesen, Kelsey Fahy, Charles Cannon, Ebun Ayandele, T. J. Kirk, Michael Stadler **[Read the Report](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jrse/article/12/6/065301/824202/The-impact-of-project-financing-in-optimizing)** December 2020 October 2020 **Robust Design of Microgrids Using a Hybrid Minimum Investment Optimization** ***Published on:*** Applied Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 276, 15 October 2020, ISSN: 0306-2619 **Written By:** Zachary K. Pecenak, Michael Stadler, Patrick Mathiesen, Kelsey Fahy, Jan Kleissl **[Read the Report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920309120?via%3Dihub)** September 2020 **Performance Comparison between Two Established Microgrid Planning MILP Methodologies Tested On 13 Microgrid Projects** ***Published on:*** Energies Special Issue on Microgrids: Planning, Protection and Control, 7 September 2020, ISSN: 1996-1073 **Written By:** Michael Stadler, Zack Pecenak, Patrick Mathiesen, Kelsey Fahy, and Jan Kleissl **[Read the Report](https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4460)** September 2020 December 2019 **Efficient Multi-Year Economic Energy Planning in Microgrids** ***Published on:*** Applied Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 255, 1 December 2019, ISSN: 0306-2619 **Written By:** Pecenak Zachary K., Michael Stadler, Kelsey Fahy **[Read the Report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919314588?via%3Dihub)** October 2019 **Input Data Reduction for Microgrid Sizing and Energy Cost Modeling: Representative Days and Demand Charges** ***Published on:*** Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Volume 11, October 2019, ISSN: 1941-7012 **Written By:** Fahy Kelsey, Michael Stadler, Zachary K. Pecenak, Jan Kleissl **[Read the Report](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jrse/article/11/6/065301/284797/Input-data-reduction-for-microgrid-sizing-and)** October 2019 May 2019 **Planning and Implementation of Bankable Microgrids** ***Published on:*** The Electricity Journal, May 2019, ISSN: 10406190 **Written By:** Michael Stadler, Adib Naslé **[Read the Report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040619019301216?via%3Dihub)** 2018 #### Xendee was Founded in 2018 by an Award-Winning Team of Microgrid Research Experts, Software Entrepreneurs, and Software Developers. [Learn More About our Team](https://xendee.com/team?hsLang=en) ###### [**January 2025** **—** **A Guide to Meeting Energy Demand for Data Centers with Distributed Energy and Future Small Modular Reactors** Xendee Website   Read the Article → --- Giovanni Maronati, Michael Stadler, T.P. Grunloh, Reynaldo Guerrero,  Nishaant Sinha](https://xendee.com/guide-to-powering-data-center?hsLang=en) ###### [**August 2024** **—** **Microgrid Modeling with Small Modular Reactors  ** Microgrid Program, Office of Electricity  Department of Energy Read the Article → --- T.P. Grunloh, D. Kalinichenko, C. S. Brooks, Nishaant Sinha, Giovanni Maronati, Reynaldo Guerrero, Michael Stadler](https://xendee.com/hubfs/SMR_Microgrid_FinalReport%20(Scoping%20Study).pdf?hsLang=en) ###### [**January 2024** **—** **Streamlining Microgrid Deployment for Cost-Efficiency** Microgrid Knowledge   Read the Article → --- Michael, Stadler, Adib Nasle    ](https://www.microgridknowledge.com/resources/white-papers/whitepaper/33038672/xendee-reducing-costs-and-uncertainty-in-microgrid-deployment-by-employing-an-integrated-solution) ###### [**July 2023** **—** **Small Reactors in Microgrids: Technology Modeling and Selection  ** U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information Read the Article → --- Bikash Poudel, Timothy R. McJunkin, Ning Kang, James T. Reilly, Reynaldo Guerrero, Michael Stadler  ](https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1988420) ###### [**June 2023** **—** **The Role of Microgrids and Government Funding in Commercial EV Charging** Xendee Website   Read the Report → --- Reynaldo Guerrero, Michael Stadler  ](https://xendee.com/industry-survey-report?hsLang=en) ###### [**March 2022** **—** **Effective Design of MaaS Agreements with State-of-the-Art Planning Methods** 10th National Conference on Microgrids, Boston, Massachusetts Read the Article → --- Michael Sadler, Zachary K. Pecenak  ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/Stadler_Pecenak_V9_public.pdf?hsLang=en) ###### [**December 2021** **—** **Techno-Economic Optimization of Islanded Microgrids Considering…**    Applied Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 304, 15 December 2021, ISSN: 0306-2619 Read the Article → --- Patrick Mathiesen, Michael Stadler, Jan Kleissl, Zachary Pecenak](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921011144?via%3Dihub) ###### [**October 2021** **—** **Designing Microgrid as a Service Agreements Requires State of the Art Methods** Microgrid Knowledge Read the Article → --- Zack Pecenak, Michael Stadler    ](https://xendee.com/hubfs/XENDEE-Designing-Complex-Maas-Systems_Final(2).pdf?hsLang=en) ###### [**July 2021** **—** **The Microgrid Fast Charging Station Design Platform    ** Xendee Website   Read the Article → --- Abhishek Banerjee, Kelsey Fahy, Ning Kang, Anudeep Medam, Adib Naslé, Zack Pecenak, Michael Stadler, M. Usama Usman](https://xendee.com/insights/summary-report-microgrid-fast-charging-station-designer-platform?hsLang=en) ###### [**May 2021** **—** **Advanced Optimal Planning for Microgrid Technologies including Hydrogen and…  ** International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, 28 May 2021 ISSN: 0360-3199 Read the Article → --- Mansoor Muhammad, Michael Stadler, Hans Auer, Michael Zellinger  ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921010223?via%3Dihub) ###### [**January 2021** **—** **Optimal Planning of Thermal Energy Systems in a Microgrid with Seasonal Storage and…  ** Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 215, 15 January 2021, ISSN: 0360-5442 Read the Article → --- Mansoor Muhammad, Michael Stadler, Michael Zellinger, Klaus Lichtenegger, Hans Auer, Armin Cosic  ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220322027?via%3Dihub) ###### [**December 2020** **—** **The Impact of Project Financing in Optimizing Microgrid Design** The Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 12(6), 065301 Read the Article → --- Zachary Pecenak, Patrick Mathiesen, Kelsey Fahy, Charles Cannon, Ebun Ayandele, T. J. Kirk, Michael Stadler  ](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jrse/article/12/6/065301/824202/The-impact-of-project-financing-in-optimizing) ###### [**October 2020** **—** **Robust Design of Microgrids Using a Hybrid Minimum Investment Optimization** Applied Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 276, 15 October 2020, ISSN: 0306-2619 Read the Article → --- Zachary K. Pecenak, Michael Stadler, Patrick Mathiesen, Kelsey Fahy, Jan Kleissl](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920309120?via%3Dihub) ###### [**September 2020** **—** **Performance Comparison between Two Established Microgrid Planning MILP…** Energies Special Issue on Microgrids: Planning, Protection and Control, 7 September 2020, ISSN: 1996-1073 Read the Article → --- Michael Stadler, Zack Pecenak, Patrick Mathiesen, Kelsey Fahy, and Jan Kleissl  ](https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4460) ###### [**December 2019** **—** **Efficient Multi-Year Economic Energy Planning in Microgrids** Applied Energy Journal by Elsevier, Volume 255, 1 December 2019, ISSN: 0306-2619   Read the Article → --- Pecenak Zachary K., Michael Stadler, Kelsey Fahy](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919314588?via%3Dihub) ###### [**October 2019** **—** **Input Data Reduction for Microgrid Sizing and Energy Cost Modeling…** Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Volume 11, October 2019, ISSN: 1941-7012 Read the Article → --- Fahy Kelsey, Michael Stadler, Zachary K. Pecenak, Jan Kleissl](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jrse/article/11/6/065301/284797/Input-data-reduction-for-microgrid-sizing-and) ###### [**May 2019** **—** **Planning and Implementation of Bankable Microgrids  ** The Electricity Journal, May 2019, ISSN: 10406190   Read the Article → --- Michael Stadler, Adib Naslé  ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040619019301216?via%3Dihub) ###### [**May 2019** **—** **Planning and Implementation of Bankable Microgrids  ** The Electricity Journal, May 2019, ISSN: 10406190   Read the Article → --- Michael Stadler, Adib Naslé  ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2019.05.004) - #### Whitepapers - Designing Microgrid as a Service Agreements Require State of the Art Design Methods - The Role of Microgrids and Government Funding in Commercial EV Charging - Effective Design of MaaS Agreements with State-of-the-Art Planning Methods - Reducing Costs and Uncertainty in Microgrid Deployment by Employing an Integrated Solution - #### Publications - CLEAN Overview - Conversion Tips - Workflows - Smart Content - #### Lectures - HubSpot - Google - Facebook - #### Webinars   ## Ebooks ![](https://xendee.com/hubfs/raw_assets/public/@marketplace/Helpful_Hero/CLEAN-6-1-theme/images/gfx/feat-img-temp.jpg) #### The Art of Inbound Lorem ipsum dolor amet prism banjo beard brooklyn vaporware vexillologist. 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